2017-030-Vulnerability OSINT, derbycon CTF walkthrough, and bsides Wellington!

This week, we discuss the lack of information and where you might find more information about certain vulnerabilities. Seems like many companies fail to give out necessary and actionable information without paying an arm and a leg.

We also go over our DerbyCon CTF walkthrough, and discuss the steps to solve it.

 

Direct Link: http://traffic.libsyn.com/brakeingsecurity/2017-030-vulnerability_OSINT-derbycon_CTF_walkthrough.mp3 

 

Ms. Berlin is going to be at Bsides Wellington!  Get your Tickets NOW!

https://twitter.com/bsideswlg

https://www.bsides.nz/

 

 

 

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--show notes--

 

NCC group talks in Seattle

NIST guidelines - no security questions, no SMS based 2fa

 

Vuln OSINT

 

Sites have information like Spokeo…

Breadcrumbs

 

Take Java for example (CVE-2017-10102): info is sparse

Other sites have more

https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/viewAlert.x?alertId=54521 - worse than Oracle’s site (impressive crappery)

Some are better: RHEL is fairly decent

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2424

Ubuntu has some different tidbits

https://people.canonical.com/~ubuntu-security/cve/2017/CVE-2017-10102.html

Arch has info

https://security.archlinux.org/CVE-2017-10102

Point is, just because you use a specific OS, don’t limit yourself… other OSes may contain more technical info. Some maintainers like to dig, like you.

 

https://vuldb.com/ - gives value of finding such a PoC for a vuln (5-25K USD for 2017-10102)

 

Derbycon CTF walkthrough

 

Looking for an instructor for an ‘intro to RE’ course.

Dr. Pulaski = Diana Maldaur

Dr. Crusher = Gates McFadden

 

Here is a new episode of Brakeing Down Security Podcast!

2017-029-CIS benchmarks, Windows Update reverts changes used to detect malware

This week was one heck of a show. If you are a blueteamer and make use of the "Windows Logging Cheat Sheet", you are no doubt aware of how important it is to log certain events, and to set hostile conditions to make malware/Trojans/virus have a harder time avoiding detection.

What if I told you the same updates we suggested last week to NEVER delay actually undoes all your hardening on your system and leaves your logfiles set to defaults, all file associations for suspect files like pif, bat, scr, bin, are set back to defaults, allow your users to be victims again, even after you've assured them they are safe to update?

After a sequence of tweets from Michael Gough about just this exact thing, we laid out all the information, how and what get reverted that will open you back up to possible infections, as well as how some hardening standards actually make it harder to be secure.

Finally, we discuss the CIS benchmarks, and how many of the settings in them are largely outdated and why they need to be updated.

 

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--SHOW NOTES--

 

Gough says ‘something is bad about CIS’

 

CIS benchmarks need revamping -- BrBr

/var, /var/log in separate partitions?

Password to access grub?

Disable root login to serial pty?

Many cloud instances and VMs don’t have serial ports (not in a traditional sense)

 

What’s the use case for using them? What problem will they solve?

Misconfiguration?

Proper logging?

NTP sources?

 

So many, dilution possible

SCAP

OVAL

STIG (complex as well)

CIS

 

Infosec: how do we get IT past the “that’s good enough”, as many customers and compliance frameworks want to see ‘hardening’ done.

What is a good baseline?

Write your own?

 

How do we tell them that it’s not going to stop ‘bad guys’ ( or anyone really)? It’s not ‘security’, and it’s technically not even ‘best practices’ anymore (not all of it, anyway)

On windows, they are needlessly complicated and cause more problems

Roles have to be created “backup admin”

Can cause unintended issues

 

https://twitter.com/HackerHurricane/status/898629567056797696

 

https://twitter.com/HackerHurricane/status/892838553528479745

 

Category            Sub Category                                      7/2008  8.1     2012    Win-7   Win-8.1 WLCS    ThisPC  Notes

 

Detailed Tracking   Process Termination                       NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      S/F     S

Object Access       File Share                                           NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      S/F     S/F    

Object Access       File System                                         NA      NA      NA      F       NA         S       S/F    

Object Access       Filtering Platform Connection           NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      S       S      

Object Access       Filtering Platform Packet Drop          NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA

 

Log Sizes:

-------------

Security - 1 GB

Application – 256MB

System – 256MB

PowerShell/Operational – 512MB – 1 GB v5

Windows PowerShell – 256MB

TaskScheduler – 256MB

 

Log Process Command Line                                             (5)     (5)     (5)     (5)     (5)     Yes     Yes

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PowerShell Logging v5                                                    (5)     (5)     (5)     (5)     (5)     Yes     Yes

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TaskScheduler Log                                                          (5)     (5)     (5)     (5)     (5)     (1)     Yes

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

(5) - CIS Benchmarks, USGCB, and AU ACSC do not cover this critical auditing item

Here is a new episode of Brakeing Down Security Podcast!

2017-028-disabling WU?, Comcast wireless hack, and was it irresponsible disclosure?

 This week went in a different direction from what we normally do. We discussed some news, a twitter conversation about someone from the 'ahem' "media" that suggests that you disable Windows Update on your home devices. We discuss the pros and mostly cons of doing that, and alternatives to protect your home and work devices from that.

We talked about the Comcast Xfinity applicances and how they have a vulnerability that could make it appear that traffic created by people outside of your house could look like it was coming from your home network.

We discuss the public disclosure of Carbon Black's architecture and seeming sharing of customer events to 3rd parties... it's not all black and white, and we discuss those here.

 

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---SHOW NOTES---

Twitter discussion -

https://twitter.com/Computerworld/status/894611609355603968

 

http://www.computerworld.com/article/3214146/microsoft-windows/it-s-time-to-check-your-windows-machines-and-temporarily-turn-off-automatic-update.html

 

[sic] “tons of problems with Automatic Update patches so far this year”

[sic] “if you’re savvy enough to be reading this, you should consider turning Auto Update off, too”

 

Advocating disabling auto-updates in an OS is reckless.

Home networks for majority of users is completely flat

One Vlan (e.g. 192.168.1.0/24)

‘Savvy’ = technical

Which many of our users are not

 

Probable scenario: Bad guy targets you or family through a phish. They gain access to family computers, and pivot through those to your office computer

 

Blue teamers: suggest backups and backup options to keep their data safe and allow them to feel safer with automatic updates enabled, and VLANs if possible

 

Typically enterprises will hold off a few days or a week to push out Windows patches; Auto-updates are controlled.

The twitter guy said that in more recent Windows versions, WU take precedence over WSUS… need to confirm that… -- brbr

Confirmed… you can override WU… https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/wsus/2017/08/04/improving-dual-scan-on-1607/

 

http://www.computerworld.com/article/3213929/microsoft-windows/the-case-against-windows-automatic-update.html

http://www.csoonline.com/article/3214487/security/pentest-firm-calls-carbon-black-worlds-largest-pay-for-play-data-exfiltration-botnet.html#tk.twt_cso

--this-- not because of title, but because of people jumping to conclusions (example of irresponsible disclosure)

Agreed… that shiz is damaging -- brbr

 

 

 

NoStarch TCP guide - https://www.nostarch.com/tcpip.htm

IPV4 -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4

 

[graphic of IPv4 header from wikipedia article]

 

IHL - size of the header (minimum of 5)

DSCP - has to do with traffic shaping and QoS

ECN - notifies the network of congestion and allows infrastructure to implement congestion controls to compensate

Must be supported by both ends, and completely optional to enforce

Total Length - total size of the packet

Identification - interesting field, you can use it to hide data (Covert_TCP), otherwise, it’s used for ‘used for uniquely identifying the group of fragments of a single IP datagram”

 

https://github.com/tcstool/Fireaway

 

http://www.securityweek.com/coolest-talk-defcon-25-no-one-writing-about

 

Here is a new episode of Brakeing Down Security Podcast!

2017-026-Machine_Learning-Market Hype, or infosec's blue team's newest weapon?

Direct Link: http://traffic.libsyn.com/brakeingsecurity/2017-026-Ally_miller_machine-learning-AI.mp3

Ally Miller (@selenakyle) joined us this week to discuss Machine Learning and #Artificial #Intelligence. It seems like every new security product employs one or both of these terms. She did the keynote at Bsides Las Vegas on topics of #Machine #Learning and #Behavioral #Economics.

We asked Ms. Miller to join us here to discuss what ML and AI are, how algorithms work to analyze the data to come to the right conclusion. What is required to get a useful algorithm, and how much or little human interaction is required?

We also discuss a bit of history with her, how IDS/IPS were just dumber versions of machine learning, with 'tweaks' being new Yara or snort rules to tell the machine what to allow/disallow. 

Finally, we discussed how people who are doing our 2017 DerbyCon CTF, instructions on how to win are in the show, so please take a listen.

 

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show notes

 

what is the required amount of data required to properly train the algorithms

 

how do you ensure that the training data is clean (or perhaps how do you determine what causes a false positive or negative)

 

Xoke Soru: "why are you trying to make skynet and kill us all?  Do you hate humanity?"

 

Who will ML replace? Who in security?

 

Ask why people get confused between AI and Machine learning, and where the fine line is between the two or is one actually a subset of the other.

 

Basically.. "in what way/how do you see ML being used in an offensive capacity in the future (or now)"

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_neural_network

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Machine_learning

 

https://www.slideshare.net/allyslideshare/something-wicked-78511887

 

https://www.slideshare.net/allyslideshare/201209-a-million-mousetraps-using-big-data-and-little-loops-to-build-better-defenses

 

https://conferences.oreilly.com/velocity/vl-ca/public/schedule/detail/61751

 

O’Reilly Conference 31 October

 

Mick douglas class

Derbycon CTF

Book club

 

Patreon

slack

Here is a new episode of Brakeing Down Security Podcast!