2017-029-CIS benchmarks, Windows Update reverts changes used to detect malware

This week was one heck of a show. If you are a blueteamer and make use of the "Windows Logging Cheat Sheet", you are no doubt aware of how important it is to log certain events, and to set hostile conditions to make malware/Trojans/virus have a harder time avoiding detection.

What if I told you the same updates we suggested last week to NEVER delay actually undoes all your hardening on your system and leaves your logfiles set to defaults, all file associations for suspect files like pif, bat, scr, bin, are set back to defaults, allow your users to be victims again, even after you've assured them they are safe to update?

After a sequence of tweets from Michael Gough about just this exact thing, we laid out all the information, how and what get reverted that will open you back up to possible infections, as well as how some hardening standards actually make it harder to be secure.

Finally, we discuss the CIS benchmarks, and how many of the settings in them are largely outdated and why they need to be updated.

 

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--SHOW NOTES--

 

Gough says ‘something is bad about CIS’

 

CIS benchmarks need revamping -- BrBr

/var, /var/log in separate partitions?

Password to access grub?

Disable root login to serial pty?

Many cloud instances and VMs don’t have serial ports (not in a traditional sense)

 

What’s the use case for using them? What problem will they solve?

Misconfiguration?

Proper logging?

NTP sources?

 

So many, dilution possible

SCAP

OVAL

STIG (complex as well)

CIS

 

Infosec: how do we get IT past the “that’s good enough”, as many customers and compliance frameworks want to see ‘hardening’ done.

What is a good baseline?

Write your own?

 

How do we tell them that it’s not going to stop ‘bad guys’ ( or anyone really)? It’s not ‘security’, and it’s technically not even ‘best practices’ anymore (not all of it, anyway)

On windows, they are needlessly complicated and cause more problems

Roles have to be created “backup admin”

Can cause unintended issues

 

https://twitter.com/HackerHurricane/status/898629567056797696

 

https://twitter.com/HackerHurricane/status/892838553528479745

 

Category            Sub Category                                      7/2008  8.1     2012    Win-7   Win-8.1 WLCS    ThisPC  Notes

 

Detailed Tracking   Process Termination                       NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      S/F     S

Object Access       File Share                                           NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      S/F     S/F    

Object Access       File System                                         NA      NA      NA      F       NA         S       S/F    

Object Access       Filtering Platform Connection           NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      S       S      

Object Access       Filtering Platform Packet Drop          NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA

 

Log Sizes:

-------------

Security - 1 GB

Application – 256MB

System – 256MB

PowerShell/Operational – 512MB – 1 GB v5

Windows PowerShell – 256MB

TaskScheduler – 256MB

 

Log Process Command Line                                             (5)     (5)     (5)     (5)     (5)     Yes     Yes

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PowerShell Logging v5                                                    (5)     (5)     (5)     (5)     (5)     Yes     Yes

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TaskScheduler Log                                                          (5)     (5)     (5)     (5)     (5)     (1)     Yes

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

(5) - CIS Benchmarks, USGCB, and AU ACSC do not cover this critical auditing item

Here is a new episode of Brakeing Down Security Podcast!

2017-028-disabling WU?, Comcast wireless hack, and was it irresponsible disclosure?

 This week went in a different direction from what we normally do. We discussed some news, a twitter conversation about someone from the 'ahem' "media" that suggests that you disable Windows Update on your home devices. We discuss the pros and mostly cons of doing that, and alternatives to protect your home and work devices from that.

We talked about the Comcast Xfinity applicances and how they have a vulnerability that could make it appear that traffic created by people outside of your house could look like it was coming from your home network.

We discuss the public disclosure of Carbon Black's architecture and seeming sharing of customer events to 3rd parties... it's not all black and white, and we discuss those here.

 

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---SHOW NOTES---

Twitter discussion -

https://twitter.com/Computerworld/status/894611609355603968

 

http://www.computerworld.com/article/3214146/microsoft-windows/it-s-time-to-check-your-windows-machines-and-temporarily-turn-off-automatic-update.html

 

[sic] “tons of problems with Automatic Update patches so far this year”

[sic] “if you’re savvy enough to be reading this, you should consider turning Auto Update off, too”

 

Advocating disabling auto-updates in an OS is reckless.

Home networks for majority of users is completely flat

One Vlan (e.g. 192.168.1.0/24)

‘Savvy’ = technical

Which many of our users are not

 

Probable scenario: Bad guy targets you or family through a phish. They gain access to family computers, and pivot through those to your office computer

 

Blue teamers: suggest backups and backup options to keep their data safe and allow them to feel safer with automatic updates enabled, and VLANs if possible

 

Typically enterprises will hold off a few days or a week to push out Windows patches; Auto-updates are controlled.

The twitter guy said that in more recent Windows versions, WU take precedence over WSUS… need to confirm that… -- brbr

Confirmed… you can override WU… https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/wsus/2017/08/04/improving-dual-scan-on-1607/

 

http://www.computerworld.com/article/3213929/microsoft-windows/the-case-against-windows-automatic-update.html

http://www.csoonline.com/article/3214487/security/pentest-firm-calls-carbon-black-worlds-largest-pay-for-play-data-exfiltration-botnet.html#tk.twt_cso

--this-- not because of title, but because of people jumping to conclusions (example of irresponsible disclosure)

Agreed… that shiz is damaging -- brbr

 

 

 

NoStarch TCP guide - https://www.nostarch.com/tcpip.htm

IPV4 -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4

 

[graphic of IPv4 header from wikipedia article]

 

IHL - size of the header (minimum of 5)

DSCP - has to do with traffic shaping and QoS

ECN - notifies the network of congestion and allows infrastructure to implement congestion controls to compensate

Must be supported by both ends, and completely optional to enforce

Total Length - total size of the packet

Identification - interesting field, you can use it to hide data (Covert_TCP), otherwise, it’s used for ‘used for uniquely identifying the group of fragments of a single IP datagram”

 

https://github.com/tcstool/Fireaway

 

http://www.securityweek.com/coolest-talk-defcon-25-no-one-writing-about

 

Here is a new episode of Brakeing Down Security Podcast!

2017-026-Machine_Learning-Market Hype, or infosec's blue team's newest weapon?

Direct Link: http://traffic.libsyn.com/brakeingsecurity/2017-026-Ally_miller_machine-learning-AI.mp3

Ally Miller (@selenakyle) joined us this week to discuss Machine Learning and #Artificial #Intelligence. It seems like every new security product employs one or both of these terms. She did the keynote at Bsides Las Vegas on topics of #Machine #Learning and #Behavioral #Economics.

We asked Ms. Miller to join us here to discuss what ML and AI are, how algorithms work to analyze the data to come to the right conclusion. What is required to get a useful algorithm, and how much or little human interaction is required?

We also discuss a bit of history with her, how IDS/IPS were just dumber versions of machine learning, with 'tweaks' being new Yara or snort rules to tell the machine what to allow/disallow. 

Finally, we discussed how people who are doing our 2017 DerbyCon CTF, instructions on how to win are in the show, so please take a listen.

 

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show notes

 

what is the required amount of data required to properly train the algorithms

 

how do you ensure that the training data is clean (or perhaps how do you determine what causes a false positive or negative)

 

Xoke Soru: "why are you trying to make skynet and kill us all?  Do you hate humanity?"

 

Who will ML replace? Who in security?

 

Ask why people get confused between AI and Machine learning, and where the fine line is between the two or is one actually a subset of the other.

 

Basically.. "in what way/how do you see ML being used in an offensive capacity in the future (or now)"

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_neural_network

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Machine_learning

 

https://www.slideshare.net/allyslideshare/something-wicked-78511887

 

https://www.slideshare.net/allyslideshare/201209-a-million-mousetraps-using-big-data-and-little-loops-to-build-better-defenses

 

https://conferences.oreilly.com/velocity/vl-ca/public/schedule/detail/61751

 

O’Reilly Conference 31 October

 

Mick douglas class

Derbycon CTF

Book club

 

Patreon

slack

Here is a new episode of Brakeing Down Security Podcast!

2017-025-How will GDPR affect your Biz with Wendyck, and DerbyCon CTF info

Direct Link:http://traffic.libsyn.com/brakeingsecurity/2017-025-How-GDPR-affects-US-Biz-with-Wendyck-Derbycon2017-CTF-info.mp3

 

GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) is weighing on the minds and pocketbooks of a lot of European companies, but is the US as worried? If you read many of the news articles out there, it ranges from 'meh' to 'OMG, the sky, it is falling". GDPR will cause a lot of new issues in the way business is being done, not just in the realm of security, but in the way data is managed, maintained, catalogued, and shared.

This week we invited Ms. Wendy Everette Knox (@wendyck) to come in and discuss some of the issues that might hit companies. We also discuss how GDPR and the exit (or not) of the UK from the #European #Union will affect data holders and citizens of the UK.

If your company is preparing for the #GDPR mandate, check out the show notes for a lot of good info.

ALSO, If you are looking for a ticket to #derbycon 2017, you need to listen to this show, because it has all the info you need to get started.  The info is also in the show notes, including the form you need to post your flag information.

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---Show Notes:----

 

 

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (Regulation (EU) 2016/679) is a regulation by which the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union and the European Commission intend to strengthen and unify data protection for all individuals within the European Union (EU). It also addresses the export of personal data outside the EU. The primary objectives of the GDPR are to give control back to citizens and residents over their personal data and to simplify the regulatory environment for international business by unifying the regulation within the EU.[1]

 

 

Would it be better if companies stored less data, or de-anon it to the point where a breach

 

Massive fines for breaches. Usually some percentage of profits…

 

(up to 4% of annual global turnover or €20 Million (whichever is greater))

 

“Under the GDPR, the Data Controller will be under a legal obligation to notify the Supervisory Authority without undue delay. The reporting of a data breach is not subject to any de minimis standard and must be reported to the Supervisory Authority within 72 hours of the data breach (Article 33).”

 

Is 72 hours for notification realistic? For massive breaches, 72 hours is just enough time to contain

 

Right to be forgotten (not realistic):

“A right to be forgotten was replaced by a more limited right to erasure in the version of the GDPR adopted by the European Parliament in March 2014.[19][20] Article 17 provides that the data subject has the right to request erasure of personal data related to them on any one of a number of grounds including non-compliance with article 6.1 (lawfulness) that includes a case (f) where the legitimate interests of the controller is overridden by the interests or fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject which require protection of personal data “

 

GDPR full text:

http://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/document.cfm?doc_id=45631

 

Good intro:

https://www.taylorwessing.com/globaldatahub/article-the-data-protection-principles-under-the-gdpr.html

 

Controversial topics:

http://www.eugdpr.org/controversial-topics.html

 

Key Changes:

http://www.eugdpr.org/key-changes.html

 

Difficulty of doing GDPR in the cloud

https://hackernoon.com/why-gdpr-compliance-is-difficult-in-the-cloud-9755867a3662

US businesses largely ignoring GDPR

http://www.informationsecuritybuzz.com/expert-comments/us-businesses-ignoring-gdpr/#infosec

 

Fears of breach cover-up (due to massive fines ‘up to 4% of profits’)

http://tech.newstatesman.com/news/gdpr-cover-ups-security

 

From the UK ICO, 12 steps to take now to prepare for GDPR https://ico.org.uk/media/for-organisations/documents/1624219/preparing-for-the-gdpr-12-steps.pdf (has a nice infographic on p. 2)

 

https://www.auditscripts.com/

 

CTF for derby ticket

Level 1-

The internet is a big place :) I’ve hidden 3 flags out on it and it’s your job to see how many you can find. I’ll give you a few hints to start.

 

1. Company Name = Big Bob’s Chemistry Lab
2. There’s something illegal going on, find out what!!
3. Submit flags here https://goo.gl/forms/iUEVHNuSYr34OZA22  

Here is a new episode of Brakeing Down Security Podcast!

2014-027-infosec_mental_health_defcon_contest-with-rand0h-and-tottenkoph

Direct Link: http://traffic.libsyn.com/brakeingsecurity/2017-024-mental_health_podcast-with-Rand0h-and-tottenkoph.mp3

The infosec industry and the infosec culture is so diverse, with many different points of view, many different thoughts and opinions, and many of us deal with our own internal demons, like addictions, mental afflictions like depression or bipolar disorders. And 'imposter syndrome' is another thing that seems to add to the mix, making some believe they have to be constantly innovating or people think negatively of them.

So this week, we invited Ms. Magen Wu (@tottenkoph), and Danny (@dakacki) and we discuss some coping mechanisms at things like conferences, and if you work at home, like a lot of consultants and researchers do...

--------

Jay Beale’s Class “aikido on the command line: hardening and containment”

JULY 22-23 & JULY 24-25    AT BlackHat and Defcon

https://www.blackhat.com/us-17/training/aikido-on-the-command-line-linux-hardening-and-containment.html

 

 

 

-------

Brakesec also announces our "PowerShell for Blue Teamers and Incident Responders" with Mick Douglas (@bettersafetynet). A 6 week course starting with the basics of powershell, and goes into discussion of frameworks using Powershell too assist in assessing your network. It starts on 10 July and run each Monday evening until 14 August 2017. You'll receive a certificate suitable for CPE credit, as well as the videos of the class available to you on our YouTube channel.

To sign up, go to our Patreon Page (http://www.patreon.com/bds_podcast) and sign up at the $20 USD level labeled "Blue Team Powershell - Attendee". If you are looking to just get the videos and follow along in class, pick the $10 USD "Blue Team Powershell - Attendee- Videos Only" Classes will be held on Monday Evenings only for 5 weeks, ending on 1 August.

 

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--Show Notes--

Chris Sanders: Cult of Passion

http://chrissanders.org/2017/06/the-cult-of-passion/

 

Exercise

Start playing ingress or Pokemon Go, just to get out and gamify activity

 

Reduce alcohol consumption

Defcon : Friends of Bill W.

Agent X : 3/5K events at Defcon

 

Critics comments

You won’t please everyone, so don’t try

 

Spend time away from infosec

Family, friends

Hobbies

 

If you are in a job with ‘secrets’, find someone to talk to

Another person with the same ‘secrets’ or similar job

 

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/gut-second-brain/

 

@DAkacki (what is your podcast @rallysec)

Da667’s book

[I love murder]@tottenkoph

@jimmyvo

@andMYhacks (works with Jimmy)

@infosecmentors

 

Here is a new episode of Brakeing Down Security Podcast!

2017-023-Jay_Beale_Securing Linux-LXC-Selinux-Apparmor-Jails_and_more

Direct Link: http://traffic.libsyn.com/brakeingsecurity/2017-023-Jay_Beale-selinux-apparmor-securing_lxc.mp3

 

Jay Beale works for a pentest firm called "Inguardians", and has always been a fierce friend of the show. He's running a class at both BlackHat and Defcon all about hardening various parts of the Linux OS. This week, we discuss some of the concepts he teaches in the class. 

Why do we disable Selinux? Is it as difficult to enable as everyone believes? What benefit do we get from using it? 

We also discuss other hardening applications, like ModSecurity for Apache, Suhosin for PHP, and Linux Containers (LXC). What is gained by using these, and how can we use these to our advantage?

Really great discussion with Jay, and please sign up for his class for a two day in-depth discussion of all the technologies discussed on the show.

--------

Jay Beale’s Class “aikido on the command line: hardening and containment”

JULY 22-23 & JULY 24-25    AT BlackHat and Defcon

https://www.blackhat.com/us-17/training/aikido-on-the-command-line-linux-hardening-and-containment.html

 

 

 

-------

Brakesec also announces our "PowerShell for Blue Teamers and Incident Responders" with Mick Douglas (@bettersafetynet). A 6 week course starting with the basics of powershell, and goes into discussion of frameworks using Powershell too assist in assessing your network. It starts on 10 July and run each Monday evening until 14 August 2017. You'll receive a certificate suitable for CPE credit, as well as the videos of the class available to you on our YouTube channel.

To sign up, go to our Patreon Page (http://www.patreon.com/bds_podcast) and sign up at the $20 USD level labeled "Blue Team Powershell - Attendee". If you are looking to just get the videos and follow along in class, pick the $10 USD "Blue Team Powershell - Attendee- Videos Only" Classes will be held on Monday Evenings only for 5 weeks, ending on 1 August.

 

#RSS: www.brakeingsecurity.com/rss

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Join our #Slack Channel! Sign up at https://brakesec.signup.team

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---

Show Notes:

 

AppArmor

 

SELinux

 

Privilege Escalation - InGuardians Murderboard

 

Port Knocking (Single Pack Authorization)

 

OSSEC

 

ModSecurity

 

Linux Containers

 

Jess frizelle -bane

 

Dan walsh - selinux

 

Selinux troubleshoot daemon

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_call

 

“In computing, a system call is the programmatic way in which a computer program requests a service from the kernel of the operating system it is executed on. This may include hardware-related services (for example, accessing a hard disk drive), creation and execution of new processes, and communication with integral kernel services such as process scheduling. System calls provide an essential interface between a process and the operating system.”

 

OpenBSD pledge(2): https://man.openbsd.org/pledge.2

 

https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-2-model-b/

 

Suhosin

 

https://www.blackhat.com/us-17/training/aikido-on-the-command-line-linux-hardening-and-containment.html

 

@inguardians

@jaybeale

www.inguardians.com

----

 

What are you doing at Black Hat and Def Con?

 

• Training class at Black Hat - 2 days
• Def Con Workshop - ModSecurity and AppArmor - 4 hours
• Packet Hacking Village Workshop - Container security
• Vapor Trail at Def Con Labs (Larry and Galen)
• Dancing my butt off?

Here is a new episode of Brakeing Down Security Podcast!

2017-022-Windows Hardening, immutable laws of security admins, and auditpol

Direct Link to Download: http://traffic.libsyn.com/brakeingsecurity/2017-022-windows_and_AD_Hardening.mp3

This week, we discuss hardening of windows hosts, utilizing CIS benchmarks. We talk about the 'auditpol' command. And we dredge up from the ancient times (2000) the Microsoft article from Scott Culp "The 10 Immutable Laws of Security Administration". Are they still applicable to today's environment, 17 years later?

 

 

Brakesec also announces our "PowerShell for Blue Teamers and Incident Responders" with Mick Douglas (@bettersafetynet). A 6 week course starting with the basics of powershell, and goes into discussion of frameworks using Powershell too assist in assessing your network. It starts on 10 July and run each Monday evening until 14 August 2017. You'll receive a certificate suitable for CPE credit, as well as the videos of the class available to you on our YouTube channel.

To sign up, go to our Patreon Page (http://www.patreon.com/bds_podcast) and sign up at the $20 USD level labeled "Blue Team Powershell - Attendee". If you are looking to just get the videos and follow along in class, pick the $10 USD "Blue Team Powershell - Attendee- Videos Only" Classes will be held on Monday Evenings only for 5 weeks, ending on 1 August.

 

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--SHOW NOTES--

10 immutable laws of Security administration: https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc722488.aspx

Really great stuff

On This Page

Law #1: Nobody believes anything bad can happen to them, until it does

Law #2: Security only works if the secure way also happens to be the easy way

Law #3: If you don't keep up with security fixes, your network won't be yours for long

Law #4: It doesn't do much good to install security fixes on a computer that was never secured to begin with

Law #5: Eternal vigilance is the price of security

Law #6: There really is someone out there trying to guess your passwords

Law #7: The most secure network is a well-administered one

Law #8: The difficulty of defending a network is directly proportional to its complexity

Law #9: Security isn't about risk avoidance; it's about risk management

Law #10: Technology is not a panacea

https://www.linkedin.com/in/scott-culp-cissp-8b69572a/

 

 

http://thehackernews.com/2017/06/hacker-arrested-for-hacking-microsoft.html

 

 

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/threat-protection/use-windows-event-forwarding-to-assist-in-instrusion-detection

 

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/ad-ds/plan/security-best-practices/best-practices-for-securing-active-directory

 

auditpol - https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc731451(v=ws.11).aspx

 

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/device-security/auditing/advanced-security-audit-policy-settings

 

 

https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc677002.aspx - Microsoft Security compliance Manager

 

 

https://www.databreaches.net/irony-when-blackhats-are-our-only-source-of-disclosure-for-some-healthcare-hacks/

 

https://www.databreaches.net/leak-of-windows-10-source-code-raises-security-concerns/

 

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/threat-protection/use-windows-event-forwarding-to-assist-in-instrusion-detection

 

 

Here is a new episode of Brakeing Down Security Podcast!